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The most influential factor on intelligence is often considered to be genetics. Research has consistently shown that genetic variations can account for a significant portion of individual differences in intelligence. Various studies, including twin and family studies, indicate that heritability plays a crucial role in shaping intellectual abilities.

Genetic predisposition influences cognitive functioning and potential, providing a baseline for how intelligence may develop. While environmental factors, education, and socioeconomic status certainly impact intelligence as well, they often interact with genetic background. For example, a child may possess genetic predispositions for high intelligence, but environmental factors such as access to education or supportive learning environments can significantly facilitate or hinder the expression of that potential.

Understanding the influence of genetics highlights the complexity of intelligence as a trait that is not determined solely by one factor but rather through an interplay of multiple influences, with genetics serving as a foundational aspect.

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